=====Interpreting Images====
<tab-group pills>
<tab title="CXR">
^  Systematic review  |||
^A|Assess Quality\\ Airway |• PA v AP\\ • Count post ribs - 11 for good insp.\\ • Rotation - vertebral spines equally b/w medial clavicle ends|
^B|Bones\\  soft tissues|• symmetry, fractures, osteoporosis, and lesions.\\ • soft tissues for foreign bodies, swelling, and subcutaneous air.|
^C|Cardiac|• should be <50% of the chest diameter on PA films and <60% on AP films.\\ • Check for the heart shape, calcifications, and prosthetic valves.|
^D|Diaphragm|• shape may be flat with COPD,tension pneumothorax\\ •R higher than L\\ • look for free gas below |
^E|Effusions\\ Extra-thoracic|• costo-phrenic angles for sharpness|
^F|Fields\\ Fissures\\ FB|• masses, consolidation, vessels, bronchograms\\ • ?fluid in fissures, change of position\\ • FB's- ETT, CVC, NG tubes, other|
^G|Great vessels\\ Gastric bubble|• aortic knuckle size and shape\\ • gastric bubble not displaced?|
^H|Hilar\\ mediastinum|• LNs, Ca++, masses\\ • widening - suggestion of dissection\\ • displacement - suggestion of mass\\ • angle of main bronchi - suggestive of collapse, masses\\ • <wrap em>**L hilum should NEVER be lower than R**</wrap> |
{{ :wiki:normal-chest-xr-labelled-pa-full.jpg?300|}}

===Specific signs===
^Cardiac outline^LA dilation^Pleural thickening^Azygos lobe^Atelectasis^
|{{:wiki:heart-left-atrium.jpg?150|}}|[{{:wiki:ladilation.png?150|double cardiac border}}]|{{:wiki:pleural_thickening.png?150|}}|{{:wiki:lobus-v-azygos-1.jpg?150|}}|[{{:wiki:atelectasis-leftlowerlobe.png?150|L lower lobe}}]|
^Chilaiditi syndrome^LA dilation^Pulm HT^Pulm infarct^ |
|[{{:wiki:chilaiditi.jpg?150|colon loops\\ not free gas}}]|[{{:wiki:bigleftatrium2.png?150|3rd hump on L\\ 1.aorta\\ 2.hilum\\ 3.LA}}]|[{{:wiki:pulm_ht.jpg?150|engorged pulm trunks}}]|[{{:wiki:pulm_infarct.png?200|Pulm Infarct: R base}}]| |
</tab>
<tab title="AXR">
^  Systematic review  |||
^B|• Bowel gas|• **3,6,9 rule** - small bowel <3cm, large bowel <6cm, caecum and sigmoid <9cm|
^B|• Bones|• ribs, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, pelvis and proximal femurs|
^C|• Calcification\\ • artifacts |• arterial Ca++, phelobliths, calculi\\ • clips, tubes, implants|
===Specific signs===
^Thumbprinting^Lead pipe^Plicares circulares^Rigler's sign^String of pearls^
|[{{:wiki:axr_thumbprinting.png?150|mucosal wall thickening}}]|[{{:wiki:axr-toxic-megacolon-600x724.jpg?150|toxic megacolon}}]|[{{:wiki:sbo.png?150|SBO}}]|[{{:wiki:riglers-sign.png?150|pneumo-peritoneum}}]|[{{:wiki:string_of_pearls.png?150|SBO}}]|
</tab>
<tab title="Skeletal">
===Ossification Centres===
|{{:wiki:ossificationcentreshandfoot.png?400|}} |{{:wiki:ossificationcentreslongbones.png?400|}}|
===Osteosclerotic bones===
^|[{{:wiki:sclerotic_metastasis_2_.jpg?400|Metastatic Pelvis}}]|[{{:wiki:pagetspelvis.jpg?400|Pagets Pelvis - cotton wool\\ cortical thickening & sclerosis of the iliopectineal & ischiopubic lines}}]|
</tab>
</tab-group>
==References include:==
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/chest-radiograph-assessment-using-abcdefghi?lang=gb\\ 
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/abdominal-x-ray-an-approach-summary?lang=gb\\ 
https://www.radiologymasterclass.co.uk/\\ 
http://rad.desk.nl\\ 
http://www.revise4finals.co.uk/medicine/multimedia/chestxrayabnorm.php\\ 
[[https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(19)30826-8/fulltext|Chest J. Imaging pulm HT 2019]]\\