===== Spinal Cord Syndromes =====

{{:wiki:neurology:spinal_cord_tracts.png?600|}}

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===== Brown-Séquard Syndrome =====

{{ :wiki:neurology:spinal_cord_tractshemicordmap.png?300|transverse}}

  *uncommon and not often complete
  *more commonly cervical
  *transverse hemisection - most often penetrating trauma but may be compression
  *unilateral cord compression

=== Clinical ===

  *ipsilateral spastic paresis
  *ipsilateral loss - proprioception and vibration (Dorsal columns)
  *contralateral loss - pain and temperature (anterolat spinothalamic)

===== Anterior Cord =====

{{ :wiki:neurology:spinal_cord_tractsantcordbody.png?300|}}
  *Direct Compression - disc protrusion, abdominal aortic aneurysm, mass
  *Thrombosis of anterior spinal artery
  *Paraplegia below level of lesion (corticospinal)

 === Clinical ===  

  *corticospinal - paraplegia below level of lesion
  *lat spinothalamic - loss of pain/temp
  *autonomic dysfunction - orthostasis, bowel, bladder, sexual dysfunction

===== Posterior Cord =====

{{ :wiki:neurology:spinal_cord_tractspostcordbody.png?300|}}

  *uncommon and usually result of penetrating trauma
  *occasionally hyperextension injury with vertebral fractures

=== Clinical ===
  *altered proprioception, vibration (Dorsal columns)

===== Central Cord =====

{{ :wiki:neurology:spinal_cord_tractscentralcordbodycape.png?300|cape like expanding with larger lesion}}

  *<wrap em>Elderly with degenerative arthritis/spondylosis - beware!</wrap>
  *Hyperextension injury of cervical spine
  *Central canal ependymoma
  *Syringomyelia (progressive, chronic, pain/temperature loss first)

=== Clinical ===

  *spectrum starting as cape like distribution leading to full quadriplegia with sacral sparing
  *prominent upper limb weakness with variable sensory loss, often with preservation of vibration/position sense (Dorsal columns)
  *may have bladder dysfunction. Retention rather than incontinence
  *(with small lesions) pain/temp loss UL>LL
  *prognosis compared with other incomplete spinal cord injuries is better but takes at least 12/12
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=====Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord=====
neurological complication of vitamin B12 deficiency
  *characterized by degeneration of the dorsal columns and the lateral columns of the spinal cord due to demyelination.
  *commonly presents with sensory deficits, paresthesia, weakness, ataxia, and gait disturbance.
  *In severe untreated cases, it can lead to spasticity and paraplegia