Respiratory Infections
Upper respiratory infection (URTI)
- self-limited irritation and swelling of the upper airways with associated cough with no proof of pneumonia & lacking a separate condition to account for the symptoms, or with no history of COPD/emphysema/chronic bronchitis.
- involve the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and the large airways.
- mostly viral but some bacteria eg. S. pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus.
- rhinovirus (around 80%), adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, and coronavirus
Paediatric URTI |
|
|---|---|
| Pathogen | Signs and Symptoms |
| Human Rhinoviruses | Wheezing & bronchiolitis |
| Coronaviruses | Runny nose, cough |
| Respiratory Syncytial Viruses | Bronchiolitis <2 years old |
| Human Metapneumovirus | Pneumonia and bronchiolitis |
| Influenza Viruses | Influenza, pneumonia, croup |
| Parainfluenza Viruses | Croup, bronchiolitis |
| Adenoviruses | Palpebral conjunctivitis, eye discharge, pharyngeal erythema |
| Enteroviruses | Herpangina; Aseptic meningitis |
Lower respiratory infection
Tuberculosis
References include:
Croydon UH antibiotic guidelines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532961/Upper resp inf'n review 2020
Paeds URTI
PSI review 2008. Inf Dis USA