• can result in several clinical syndromes:
  • acute and chronic pyelonephritis
  • cystitis
  • urethritis
  • epididymitis
  • prostatitis

Men with symptoms of upper UTI more commonly have pathological cause and should be referred for urological assessment

• Asymptomatic bacteriuria : bacteria in the urine without symptoms

• Most infections in adult men are complicated and related to abnormalities of the urinary tract
• For people with symptoms of urinary tract infection and bacteriuria the main aim of treatment is relief of symptoms
• For people who are asymptomatic the main outcome from treatment is prevention of future symptomatic episodes.

• inappropriate use of antibiotics in asymptomatic bacteriuria leads to increased risk of:
  • especially C diff & MRSA infections
  • infection with multi‑drug‑resistant gram‑negative organisms
  • development of antibiotic‑resistant UTI

Dipstick testing is not reliable Dipstick testing is not an effective method for detecting urinary tract infections in catheterised adults.

• the catheter induces a pyuria

UTI guideline (CUH)

Pyelonephritis sepsis guideline (CUH)

References include:
NICE guidance UTI in adults 2015
SIGN guideline - management of UTI 2012